What does an economist do? See 11 functions of this career.
Choosing a career goes far beyond simply liking a subject. It requires understanding what you'll be studying and what the real job opportunities are. And most importantly: what can you do after you graduate?.
If you are researching about What does an economist do?, You've come to the right place.
We've already written an article about what economics studies entails; in today's article, we'll show the main areas of work and the functions performed by this professional.
Check out the roles and areas of expertise below!
1. Data Analysis in Economics
In the current scenario, data analysis in economics courses It has become one of the most valued skills in the market. Economists who master analytical, statistical, and digital tools are able to interpret large volumes of information to generate insights, predict trends, and support strategic decisions in companies, governments, and financial institutions.
In ESEG College, This distinctive feature is part of the training from the very first semesters.
An economics curriculum should combine classic subjects in the field, such as... microeconomics and macroeconomics, but also include technology-oriented subjects, such as Data Science, Business Informatics, and Python.
This alignment with the market enables the student to work with statistical software, data modeling, and economic information systems.
This approach connects theory and practice, allowing students to apply their knowledge to real-world projects and develop a more modern perspective on the profession.
If you are looking for a college in economics For those who also want to develop technological skills, ESEG College – in São Paulo – is an excellent choice.
2. Public policies and economics
The study of public policies in the economy It is essential for anyone wishing to work in the public sector, NGOs, or international organizations.
Economists working in this field analyze data and social scenarios to formulate proposals that improve the population's quality of life, reduce inequalities, and promote sustainable development.
Among the most common topics are: poverty reduction policies, subsidies and incentives, market regulation, tax and social security reforms, education and health programs, among others. The professional assesses the economic impact of these actions and suggests more efficient ways to allocate public resources.
A good public economist needs to have a strong command of statistics, public sector economics, economic development, and quantitative methods—subjects covered in the curriculum of... Bachelor's degree in Economics from ESEG.
If your dream is to work with purpose and contribute to policies that generate real impact on people's lives, this could be the ideal area for you within the economics profession.
3. Economic research
Another highly valued area in the economics profession is economic research. Here, professionals develop theoretical and empirical models that help to understand complex phenomena such as inflation, unemployment, growth, and economic crises.
This function is very common in economics faculties, research institutes and international organizations. For those who enjoy studying and have an investigative profile, it's a great choice.
Read also: Studying Economics: Is it worth it?
4. Economic consulting: strategic work with companies and governments.
In economic consulting, The economist offers specialized guidance to companies, governments, financial institutions, and even media outlets.
He can assess the feasibility of projects, propose growth strategies, suggest improvements to public policies, or indicate the best avenues for investment.
This role requires a broad perspective, data literacy, and the ability to communicate clearly with diverse client profiles. It's one of the areas with the greatest growth potential. for those seeking jobs as economists.
5. Economics in the public sector
Those seeking stability and wishing to work with social impact can opt for a career in the public sector. Economists can work in ministries, secretariats, regulatory agencies, and the Central Bank, assisting in the formulation and implementation of economic policies.
The responsibilities include: analyzing macroeconomic indicators, preparing sectoral studies, formulating policies to combat inflation, and much more. It's a field that requires competitive exams, but offers excellent opportunities for growth.
6. Financial market: investment and risk analysis
If you are interested in economics and finance, The financial market may be the ideal career path. Economists can work as investment analysts, fund managers, financial advisors, or wealth planners.
This is one of the most lucrative areas for those who choose to... faculty of economics. Knowledge of statistics, finance, and market behavior are important differentiators for those who wish to grow in this sector.
7. Business consulting for businesses
In business consulting, The economist helps companies make safer and more strategic decisions. They can evaluate investments, identify risks, analyze economic scenarios, and create projections for the future.
This skill is highly valued in medium and large companies, especially in the retail, industrial, and technology sectors. The professional needs to combine analytical reasoning with strong communication skills.
8. Academic career in economics
For those who enjoy studying and teaching, the academic sector is a great option. An economist can work as... university professor or researcher, contributing to the advancement of economic science and training new professionals.
This career generally requires a specialization in economics, such as a master's or doctoral degree, and dedication to research. It is a field that offers stability and prestige, especially in public universities and renowned institutions.
9. Economic planning with a focus on sustainable development.
O economic planning It involves creating plans and strategies to promote the growth of companies, regions, or countries.
The economist analyzes data and proposes solutions focused on sustainable development, balancing growth, inclusion, and environmental preservation.
This role is common in private companies, governments, and international organizations. The professional needs to have a systemic view and negotiation skills.
10. Economic feasibility studies
In the corporate world and the public sector, making the right decisions requires more than intuition; it demands technical analysis, concrete data, and strategic vision.
Therefore, one of the most important functions of The profession of economist involves evaluating the economic viability of projects., as well as in processes ofmergers, acquisitions and corporate restructurings.
Before launching a new product, starting a company, or initiating a public project, the An economist conducts studies to understand whether an investment makes sense from a financial, technical, and market perspective.
He analyzes costs, expected return, economic scenario, and risks involved. This analysis reduces risks and increases the chances of success.
Similarly, in the processes of mergers and acquisitions of companies (M&A), The economist plays an essential role. He assesses risks, identifies synergies, estimates economic impacts, and provides... detailed financial analyses that underpin high-value decisions.
This performance is common in strategic consulting firms, investment banks, private equity funds, and large corporations., and it requires mastery of quantitative tools and data analysis.
11. Preparation of economic reports and forecasts
The economist is also responsible for preparing reports and forecasts. about the behavior of the economy. These documents help companies, governments, and institutions understand the current scenario and prepare for the future, based on concrete data, statistical projections, and detailed analyses.
The economist uses mathematical models, data analysis tools and specific software to identify trends, predict market behavior, and suggest actions based on evidence.
These reports are essential for decision-making, budget planning, and risk management. It's a role that demands data proficiency and clear written communication.
Therefore, choosing an economics program that includes courses focused on technology in economics in its curriculum is essential for anyone who wants to be a well-rounded professional in the field.
This allows the student to develop skills in programming, big data analysis, and information visualization—essential competencies for creating accurate and efficient reports.
Conclusion about what an economist does.
As we have seen throughout this article, the career possibilities for those who choose to... Bachelor's degree in Economics They are spacious.
If you're wondering, "I want to be an economist, where do I start?", the answer lies in a solid education, connected to the real world and that makes use of technology in economics.
In ESEG College, Here you will find updated courses with the latest advancements in economics and finance, such as learning in... Data Science, Python, and Computer Science Applied to Business.
Want to know more about the cost of an economics degree, admission requirements, and course structure? Visit the ESEG College website and discover everything about the bachelor's degree in economics.!
