When we access the Internet, various codes respond to our browsing actions. Therefore, programming is considered the key to digital products, and in this scenario, front-end and back-end developers play a very important role.

To the programming languages They are used to generate codes that result in commands for using devices, such as posting a photo or turning on your computer.

The programmer's job is one of the cornerstones of the digital world. Their main function is to transmit instructions—previously only to machines, and now also to the web browser.

The goal of these professionals is to create applications with the best possible performance. To achieve this, it's important to choose a programming language and master it thoroughly, exploring all its possibilities. Before that, you need to decide if you want to work with front-end or back-end development. Let's understand the role of each.

What is back-end?

Back-end is the part of the program that runs on the server and makes it possible for a web page, for example, to be displayed to the user. It is the back-end that ensures data integrity, being the layer that cannot be seen.

This is based on databases, business rules, and everything that's behind a server. In other words, it's what happens when we access a website. Professionals in this area don't need to worry about making the page look good, only about programming, coding, and testing.

Back-end developer

That professional The back-end developer is responsible for powering websites using programming languages, as well as structuring all the information that users don't have access to. The back-end developer takes care of business security, web service integration, and database management.

This means that he must code, program, and test the created objects. His role also includes maintaining the systems. The professional always acts according to the users' needs, thinking of ways to make their experience more pleasant.

Therefore, it's very common for the back-end team to work in partnership with the front-end team, aligning ideas to create a better project. Analyzing previous work is also important so that constant improvements can be proposed.

What should a back-end developer know?

In addition to technical aspects, it is important to highlight that any developer You must be very good at logical reasoning, as you need to think about manageable, stable, and reliable code.

Beyond problem-solving skills, organization and focus are also necessary, as attention to detail and patience are essential characteristics for conducting tests.

Learn about the main programming languages a back-end developer should master.

Java

The Java programming language was created to be object-oriented, simple, and easy for anyone to learn. Furthermore, it has a neutral and portable architecture, allowing it to be used on various operating systems with high performance. Another objective was for it to be secure, robust, and dynamic.

In general, Java applications can be developed on any platform that has the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed, regardless of the computer's architecture.

PHP

This programming language is used for developing web applications. Many platforms we access daily were developed in PHP, especially online stores, blogs, content websites, etc. Besides being free, it's an up-to-date and object-oriented option.

Python

Python's main goal is to provide readability and productivity to systems, with code that is easy to review and a low number of special characters. The language is also high-level, with a complete library and good frameworks, making the programmer's life easier.

Ruby

This language is used in the development of several well-known services, such as Airbnb and Twitter. Ruby has an easy-to-read syntax, which allows software to function with less code.

Through specific frameworks, it's possible to create web applications at a speed superior to other languages. The disadvantage is that Ruby has low scalability, which requires a lot of processing power to correct errors in the code.

C#

C# is one of the most widely used object-oriented programming languages in the world. It was developed by Microsoft and has a syntax similar to other common languages, such as Java. Furthermore, it is quite simple to learn.

Because it is a cross-platform language, it allows developers to use it to create applications for mobile devices, web platforms, and desktop applications.

Go

Go is an open-source language developed by Google. Unix is an example of a simple, multitasking, multi-user portable operating system that applies this design model.

This language was created with a very simple goal: to ensure the speed of the C language. In addition, it also aims to be somewhat easier and more readable to program in.

What is front-end?

Everything you see on your screen when accessing a website or application is considered the front-end. This concept includes both the visible part and the part that affects the visible part of the application, such as images, menus, buttons, fonts, and forms.

A website can be created using only the front-end. In this case, it is also called static. If the developer only needs to present the content, without other types of dynamic interactions, such as querying databases, they can achieve this result using only the front-end layer.

Front-end developer

A front-end developer is responsible for what the user sees and interacts with (such as websites and mobile applications). Basically, this professional creates the layout of the digital product and produces interactivity between the elements.

Thus, it's common to move between the areas of back-end development, design, infrastructure, and quality assurance. From a more traditional perspective, the front-end developer focuses on performance, excellence in the balance between layout and code, and semantics.

Daily activities change according to the application's development. Initially, the team works on structuring, establishing code standards and registering the project. Then, the professionals create the layout and transform it into code.

What should a front-end developer know?

Since this professional works directly with layouts, it's essential to have a good understanding of basic image editing and modeling tools, such as Photoshop and SketchUp. The languages most relevant to the role are explained below.

HTML

Anyone who wants to learn programming should know HTML. That's why front-end programmers tend to start with this language, which is used to create all the content of a website.

Ideally, you should learn the fundamentals of HTML and put your knowledge into practice when developing a web page. It's also crucial to pay attention to accessibility and semantics (which make the code easier to read and improve scannability).

CSS

CSS is another language that a front-end developer should know. In practice, it's considered a complement to HTML, as it better structures the lines and adds new possibilities to the code. This allows you to transform virtually the entire look of a web page and, for this reason, it is essential.
It is essential to master it.

JavaScript

JavaScript remains one of the most widely used languages by front-end developers worldwide. With powerful and functional versions of ECMAScript (based on scripts), it's essential that these professionals master it.

Due to its popularity, it is essential to learn at least the basic concepts. Key areas of knowledge include: immutability, loops, conditions, functional programming, default parameters, array manipulation functions, and others.

TypeScript

TypeScript is a superset of languages that functions as an extension of JavaScript. Its main goal is to elevate the level of JavaScript, which initially was only used on the client side, in relatively simple and small code.

This changed with the possibility of employing best programming practices within a more robust architecture. In this sense, TypeScript allows the inclusion of the object-oriented programming paradigm within JavaScript.

CoffeeScript

This is a programming language that draws heavily from others, such as Ruby, and compiles to JavaScript. The goal of CoffeeScript is to simplify everyday tasks that require a significant amount of code in JavaScript, such as functions that take arguments with default values and class implementations.

CoffeeScript has a simple syntax and is geared towards the rapid implementation of code that would require greater complexity in JavaScript.

Who is a full-stack developer?

The demand for multidisciplinary professionals is increasing in all areas. In Information Technology (YOU), the full stack developer This professional has distinguished themselves by working in both front-end and back-end development. They are able to receive, understand, and deliver a complete project.

Companies tend to seek this professional when they need someone who knows all the processes. In addition to technical knowledge, it's necessary to stay up-to-date and possess the necessary interpersonal skills. to be able to work under pressure.

Another characteristic of a full-stack developer is having a strong critical sense. After all, it's necessary to look at the code and understand what can be done to optimize it. Having initiative and being self-taught are also important points, because often it's necessary to learn this... profession in practice.

How to become a full-stack developer?

To become a good full-stack developer, you need to study a lot. In addition to doing a college in the field of technology, Professionals who choose this career path must always stay up-to-date.

It's also crucial to feel motivated to embrace the challenge of learning unfamiliar languages as part of your work routine. This is essential for gaining a competitive edge in... labor market, You will need to be familiar with technologies such as:

• DevOps;
• SQL;
• Database, among others.

Creating systems involves developing the interface with the functions and information that the user manipulates. In this context, front-end and back-end developers need to have a good understanding of IT to deliver work that meets business needs.

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